The Estrela Mountain Dog also called the EMD or Cao da Serra da Estrela is a large, mastiff-type dog from Portugal. It is often compared to other mountain dogs, particularly the Bernese Mountain dogs, and Pyrenean mountain dog. Find out whether the Estrela Mountain Dog is right for you.
Cool facts about the Estrela Mountain Dog
- Estrela’s pronunciation is es-treh-lah. The breed originated in the Serra da Estrela, also called Star Mountains, which lie on the Southern end of the Iberian Mountain range in Portugal. Today, many parts of this range are a National Park apart from being scenic skiing locations.
- Estrela dogs have been around since medieval times. The breed that we see today is the result of many generations of interbreeding between livestock guardian dogs that were domesticated by farmers and shepherds in the region. These dogs guarded sheep against attacks by wolves, lynx, and even bears.
- By the mid 20th century, the influx of foreign breeds led to changes in the characteristics of the EMD. The native breed was then recognized at canine events in Portugal. A standard was later set for the Estrela Mountain Dog in 1922 and the dogs were even judged at events called consursos on their sheep-guarding and herding skills.
- Today, the breed is one of the most popular dog breeds in Portugal. They are mainly used as working dogs but in some parts of the world, they are favored as companion pets and family dogs. A small number of Estrela Mountain Dogs work as military and police dogs as well.
- The Estrela Mountain Dog Association of America was established in 2001.
Physical characteristics
- The Estrela Mountain Dog is known for its impressive physique.
- They have two recognized coat varieties namely, long and short-haired. The long-haired variety is more popular in dog shows. The short-haired variety is rarely seen outside of Portugal.
- EMDs have a broad skull, short rose ears, long head, and tight lips.
- Medium-sized, amber, oval eyes convey a calm expression.
- Their double dense coats have a ruff around the neck and feathering on the long tail.
- Permissible coat colors include yellow, dark mahogany, wolf-gray, and light fawn all with or without a brindle pattern, white markings, and/or dark shading.
- Size: Male dogs weigh up to 80-115 lb and measure between 24-30 inches. Bitches are between 80-95 lb and measure about 23-28 inches.
Temperament
Estrela Mountain Dogs are extremely protective of their families. They will alert you to anything out of the ordinary with their loud, threatening barks. EMDs are wary of strangers. They mostly do not get along well with other dogs, but early socialization can change that.
Contrary to their size, they are less reactive and low energy dogs. Their independent streaks and dominating natures can make them slightly difficult to train. Because of their self-thinking natures, these dogs have been termed as ‘stubborn’.
In general, EMDs make great companion dogs for active families. They make sociable pets that love spending time with their family members. EMDs are fairly good dogs for first-time dog owners.
Estrela Mountain Dog vs. Leonberger
- The Leonberger originated in Germany while the Estrela Mountain Dog is from Portugal.
- Both are working dogs with comparable height and weight. The Leonberger is slightly taller and heavier.
- The average lifespan of the Leonberger is slightly less (8-10 years) than that of the Estrela Mountain Dog (10-12 years).
- Both dogs undergo moderate annual shedding and are fairly easy to groom.
- The Leonberger is easier to train than the Estrela Mountain Dog known for its stubborn streak.
- EMD is a better dog for families with children as compared to the Leonberger.
Where to find an Estrela Mountain Dog
It is always better to adopt a puppy rather than shop for one. You can contact animal rescue shelters nearby to find an Estrela Mountain Dog rescue. Since this is a relatively rare dog breed in the United States, it may be best to contact reputed Estrela Mountain Dog breeders by visiting the Estrela Mountain Dog Association of America’s website. When you contact breeders through a canine club, you are in a better position to find breeders that are ethical, responsible, and adhere to a code of conduct. These breeders are also likely to be more concerned about the breed’s welfare.
It is a good idea to shortlist and visit several breeders before zeroing on one. Of course, this will depend on where you live and you may not have too many choices. Visit the kennels and see the dogs. Interact with the puppy’s parents and also ask to see the litter. Select an Estrela Mountain Dog puppy that appears curious, alert, and friendly. The average Estrela Mountain Dog puppy price starts at around $1000 depending on the breeder, the place you live in as well as the puppy’s coat color and pedigree.
Training
EMDs are slightly obstinate. They tend to have an independent streak and stubborn nature which makes training hard. So it is very important that you start training your Estrela Mountain Dog puppy from an early age. If possible, enroll your pet in obedience training classes near you.
It is also very important to start house-training your pet from an early age. Show your pet where it is okay to void. You can train him by using newspapers. Praise and reward your pet when he obeys. Young puppies do well with crate training which provides them with a safe den-like atmosphere. It should go hand-in-hand with housetraining, so your pet knows not to soil his sleeping area.
As your Estrela Mountain Dog grows up, you can teach him basic commands like sit, stay, shake hands, etc. Check out my article on the most essential commands to teach young dogs.
Exercise
These are low energy dogs but they still need daily exercise. Agility and athleticism are trademarks of this breed. Ensure that you have a sturdy fence as these dogs can easily jump over them. Walk your dog twice a day 30-45 minutes each. You can also enroll your pet in agility training classes.
Grooming
EMDs need moderate grooming despite having a thick double coat. Brush the coat once or twice a week; more during the shedding season. Bathe your pet once a month or as needed. Check your pet’s ears and eyes and trim his toenails from time to time. Daily brushing is recommended but you can also provide your pet with treats or chew toys that minimize plaque.
Health concerns
EMDs are generally quite healthy but, like most large breeds, may suffer from hip and elbow dysplasia. The average life span of Estrela Mountain dogs is between 10-12 years.
